Statistics and Probability free essay sample

Changes are permanent thing on earth. Are the people is ready enough to accept the changes on the educational system? The current opening of classes here in the Philippines usually starts from June to March but our lawmakers want to amend the opening of classes. The existing school calendar which spans from June to March is often disrupted as destructive typhoons plague the region during the rainy season that’s why our lawmakers decided to move the opening of classes from September through May to avoid numerous class suspensions and serve to protect the students during strong typhoons. The Department of Education said that it is open to the proposal by some sectors, including lawmakers to move the opening of classes but they want to ensure the comfort of the students in school and stresses the need for a comprehensive study. While the Department of Education is open on the proposal, some did not welcome this idea. We will write a custom essay sample on Statistics and Probability or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page An initial survey on the matter conducted way back in 2009. On the respondents, 66 percent were against the move while 34 percent were in favor. [1] Also, another ground for rejecting the proposal is the traditions celebrated during summer and being not conducive in learning because of hot weather during March. The delay in suspension of classes is one of the reasons why our lawmakers and other sectors in the community urge to move the classes from June to September. Unexpected suspension of classes is hard on the part of students because they have to deal with floods, lack of transportations and diseases. Numerous class suspensions also cause irregularity of school days due to rains and floods, horrendous difficulties to and from school and danger to life from open drains and excavations. One of the thrusts of the Department of Education together with Commission on Higher Education and other sectors wants to avoid the delay of suspension and also to avoid, if not, minimize the number of class suspension. It is necessary to conduct this research to find out how to avoid or minimize the class suspensions. It is for reason that the researchers are interested in taking a more serious look about the opinions on the move to open the opening of classes from June to September. Background of the Study Changing of opening of classes from June to September is not new. In fact, decades ago, during the administration of Diosdado Macapagal, the same proposal was made for the same reason that the opening of classes should not fall during the rainy months. Alejandro Roces, Education Secretary of that time, has initially implemented it by moving the opening of classes to July for the first year of implementation, August for the second year and finally, the month of September for the full implementation within three years but for some reasons, it was not pushed through why it is back to the month of June now. Today, many of our lawmakers once again want to amend the opening of classes. Senator Manny Villar thru his Senate Bill No. 565 filed last 2009 on the thirteenth congress states that the school calendar from elementary, secondary, and tertiary level is hereby changed from June through March to September through May but failed to get the support of majority of lawmakers. Another known bill filed on the congress by Cagayan De Oro Representative Rufus Rodriguez and Party list Representative Maximo Rodriguez Jr.  was the House Bill No. 1388 entitled as â€Å"School Calendar Act of 2010†. According to this bill, it states that it is intended to meet the urgent and reasonable need to protect the health, safety, and overall well-being of school children and student youth by adopting a school calendar most suited to Philippine climatic conditions. Also, according to this bill, the adoption of the trimester for tertiary levels is better for accelerated completion of courses and continuity of lessons within the post secondary and college curriculum. The bill also states the proposed school calendar for pre-elementary, elementary and secondary education that the first semester will start by September to mid-January plus Saturdays if needed to meet the 110 days required excluding official holidays. The second semester will start by mid-January to May plus Saturdays if needed to comply with the 110 days required and to make up for the days lost due to non-seasonal, climatic aberrations and the third semester will start from June to August covering the heaviest rainy months when the children and youth are safer at home. The proposed school calendar for post-secondary and tertiary level is also stated in the bill that the first semester will start from September to December in order to avoid the months of heaviest rain and greater number of typhoons. The second semester will start from January to April with provisions for the holidays and tradition graduation ceremonies and the third semester will start on May to August covering hot summer and heaviest rainy months. Students and youth may opt for distant study plan in view of climatic hazards. Cavite Representative Lani Mercado-Revilla also filed a bill in the congress seeking to move the classes from June to September thru House Bill No. 4895. According to the bill, it will help to minimize the danger to the students, teachers, and their parents and relatives who bring and fetch the students and teachers to school especially when classes are abruptly suspended or cancelled because of the rains and floods that threaten the safety of the individuals. It also stated in the bill that the Philippines and Brunei are the only countries in the Asia-Pacific region that open regular classes in June. Malaysia and Singapore open their classes in January, China in February, South Korea in March, Japan and India in April, Thailand in May, Indonesia in July and Hong Kong in September. It also stated that the current school calendar coincides with the start of the rainy season which usually starts in June. Party list Representative Bernadette Herrera-Dy also filed a bill to amend the opening of classes from June to September thru House Bill 4866. The bill seeks to change the start of the school year from June to September and to amend the Republic Act No. 7977 [sic] entitled as â€Å"An act to lengthen the school calendar from Two Hundred (200) days to not more than two hundred twenty (220) class days†. It is stated in the bill that the existing school year calendar begins from June through March of each year, falling within the rainy season. During this time, strong typhoon hits the country bringing in catastrophic floods, heavy traffic and highly communicable diseases. Senator Franklin Drilon’s bill filed last 2010; the Senate Bill No. 2407 also seeks to move the classes from June to September. The bill also wishes to amend the Section 24, Chapter 9, Title VI, and Book IV of Executive Order No. 292. The said amendment is that the school year for public and private schools shall consist of not less than forty (40) weeks for the elementary and secondary levels, and thirty-six (36) weeks for the college level or eighteen (18) weeks a semester. Senate Bill No. 2407 proposes the revision of the school calendar by transferring the commencement of the school year from June to September. According to him, if the opening of classes is moved, the country will avoid inconvenience and needless damage to life and property. Since the researchers’ studies at Polytechnic University of the Philippines, the researchers opted to look into the opinions of different sectors of College of Education about the moving of classes from June to September. The possibility of recommending measures to avoid, if not minimize the abruptly suspension of classes and irregularities every school year and to assure the safety of students, teachers, parents and school administrators is one of the reasons why this study was conducted. Theoretical Framework Education is a part of our life process. Starting at the age of four or earlier, almost of children are enrolled in different schools. When the month of June is near to come, parents and their children were looking forward for the coming busy days. As the school year started, many problems occur in reason of lack of facilities in schools, student’s willingness to go to school, and last but not the least, the weather condition during the month of June through December. In order to facilitate learning, the researchers studied some theories related to the opinions of teachers, students, parents and school administrators about moving the classes from June to September. According to Behaviorists theorists, forces in the environment shape behavior deliberately and the type of person and actions desired can be the product of design. Learners will acquire and remember responses that lead to satisfying aftereffects. If the students are not affected by the cancellation of classes due to bad weather, learning is enhanced because they have much time in studying. Behavioral theories of child development focus on how environmental interaction influences behavior and are based upon the theories of John B. Watson, Ivan Pavlov and B. F. Skinner. This theory differs considerably from other child development theories because it focuses purely on how experience shapes who we are. Also, Cognitive-Gestalt approaches developed the concept that individuals have different needs and concerns at different times, and that they have subjective interpretations in different contexts. Many teachers believe that exposure to various situations can help students develop their abilities if placed in appropriate situations and exposed to varied experiences. If the proposal to move the opening of classes from June to September, the students and even teachers will be able to have new experiences and they will know how far their limits is. In addition, Constructivism is a philosophy of learning founded on the premise that, by reflecting on our experiences, we construct our own understanding of the world we live in. Learning, therefore, is simply the process of adjusting our mental models to accommodate new experience. In this connection, the impacts of climate change on the study habits of the students have caught the attention of the concerned sectors of the government in every country. Naturally, drought and natural disasters reduce the opportunities of the students to acquire knowledge from the schools. In response to this climate problem, our lawmakers are proposing that the opening of the school classes will be moved from June through March to September through May. Conceptual Framework Education today is not just what we think. Now that the K-12 Program is implemented that changes our education system, our government also now studies the moving of opening of classes from June to September that is suitable to the climate in the Philippines to make learning process more effective. In order to understand better the interactive concept of moving the class opening from June to September, the researchers have designed a paradigm that may portray the interaction: Figure 1 The Paradigm of the Study The research paradigm in Figure 1 shows the Input, Process, and the Output to be studied in this investigation. In the Input, the researchers want to know the opinions of the selected school administrators, faculty of College of Education, parents, and students. In the process, the researchers’ needs to gather the opinions of different sectors of the College of Education in Information Technology in order to formulate a recommendation if it is necessary to move the opening of classes from June to September stated in the output. Statement of the Problem This study is undertaken to find out the opinions of different sectors of College of Education in Information Technology on the move to open classes from June to September. Specifically, this study seeks answers to the following research sub-problems. 1. Are you in favor in moving classes to September ? Significance of the Study The main objective of this study is to know the opinions, perceptions, and point of view of the selected students, faculty members under College of Education, administrators of Polytechnic University of the Philippines and also the parents. The study’s goal is designed to help the teachers, student, school administrators and also parents to know if moving of classes is advisable in our country. In this study, the researchers’ goal is to recognize the opinion of different sectors in our society as the researchers mentioned before. The researchers intended also to comprehend if moving of classes is effective not only in the three regions mentioned by PAGASA but also as an implemented law in our country. Moreover, this study addressed itself to: educators specifically teachers and school administrators which they may gain valuable insights on the effectively moving of classes from June to September and judge on the applicability of moving of classes from June to September based on the researchers’ findings and conclusions. It is also helped the parents and students to recognize that moving of classes from June to September certainly understand that this kind of changes is applicable in our country and ready to adapt it. The study also help the local government units in the aspect of suspension of classes, and that is, to know if moving of opening of classes will avoid, if not, minimize the suspension of classes and the unexpected suspension of classes. The study, likewise attempted to identify potential reason of those respondents why they desire or not about the issue of moving of classes from June to September and recommend some ways on how it becomes effectively. Scope and Limitations This research attempted to find out the respondent’s opinions about moving of the opening of classes from June to September. The respondents were selected from the department of the College of Education in Information Technology in Universal College of Paranaque ,Paranaque City during the 2nd Semester. This study was limited only to know the opinions of the department of the College of Education in Information Technology community based on the survey questionnaire administered to all selected respondents covered in the study. Definition of Terms For further understanding of this study, the following terms were defined operationally: Academic Year: The period of time each year when the schools in the Philippines opens usually from June to March. CHED: Commission on Higher Education is the governing body in both private and public higher education institutions as well as degree-granting programs in all tertiary educational institution in the Philippines. CHED is responsible in the formulation and implementation of policies, plans and programs for the development and efficient operation of the higher education system in the country. Class Opening: a formal commencement or official start of classes. Class Suspension: a conditional cancellation of classes to prevent inconvenience of students, teachers, and parents most especially due to inclement weather. DepEd: Department of Education is the executive department of the Philippine government responsible for the management and governing of the Philippine system of basic education and as well as having the authority in deciding on class opening and class suspension in public elementary and high school. Senate Bill 2407: Proposal of Senator Franklin Drilon. It proposes to move the opening of classes from June to September. Move: to propose; to recommend; specifically to propose formally for consideration and determination in deliberative assembly; to submit, as a resolution to be adopted. Opinion: personal view or judgment formed about something not necessarily on facts or knowledge. It is a subjective belief of a large or majority of people about a particular thing. PAGASA: Philippine Atmospheric Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration is a Philippine national institution dedicated to provide flood and typhoon warnings, public weather forecasts and advisories, meteorological, astronomical, climatologically, and other specialized information and services primarily for the protection of life and property and in support of economic, productivity and sustainable development. Propose: To put forward for consideration, discussion, or adoption; suggest; propose a change in the law. Weather: the state of the air or atmosphere with respect to heat or cold, wetness or dryness, calm or storm, clearness or cloudiness, or any other meteorological phenomena. Chapter 2 Review of Related Studies and Literature This chapter includes reviewed newspapers, articles, and other publications related to the present study for the readers to have a full grasp and understanding of the issues raise in the study. Related literature and studies were also considered so as to relate and justify the significance of the present research activity. Foreign Literature According to Mark Hughes, somewhere in the world, right now, students are hard at work in school. With over 190 nations spanning the globe’s 24 time zones, students and their academic years come in variety of forms. Students in Australia attend school for 200 days a year, and school year last from late January to mid December. Since Australia is in the southern hemisphere, it experiences summer while it’s winter in the northern hemisphere. Summer vacation for Australian students is from mid December to late January. Their school year is divided into four terms, with each term lasting 9 to 11 weeks. Students then have two weeks of vacation between each term. The typical school day is from 9 a. m. to 3:30 p. m. , and lunch is eaten at school. Students are required to attend school for at least eleven years, but they usually attend for twelve years. Brazil, also found in the southern hemisphere, shares the same summer months as Australia. The School day in Brazil runs from 7 a. m. to noon. Because China is in the northern hemisphere, its summer months are in line with Europe, and North America. The school year in China typically runs from the beginning of September to mid-July. Summer vacation is generally spent in summer classes or studying for entrance exams. Costa Rica was one of the first nations in Central and South America to offer free public education. The School year in Costa Rica runs from February to December. In France, the school year stretches from August to June, and is divided into four seven-week terms, with one to two weeks of vacation in between. Iran is another nation with a school year similar to European countries. Students in Iran go to schools for 10 months a year, or about 200 active days, from September to June. Most Japanese schools run on a trimester schedule. The academic year begins in April and ends the following March, with breaks for summer, winter and spring separating the three terms. In Kenya, the school year divided into three terms, each 13 weeks long, with one-month breaks in between. The school year in Mexico runs from September to June, while in Nigeria runs from January to December. The year is divided into three semesters with a month off in between each semester. In Russia, the school year runs from the first of September to late May, but in South Korea, the school year typically runs from March to February. In different countries, the opening of classes varies on the climate and weather condition. According to Mark Hughes, somewhere in the world, right now, students are hard at work in school. With over 190 nations spanning the globe’s 24 time zones, students and their academic years come in variety of forms. Students in Australia attend school for 200 days a year, and their school year last from late January to mid December. Since Australia is in the southern hemisphere, it experiences summer while it’s winter in the northern hemisphere. Summer vacation for Australian students is from mid December to late January. Their school year is divided into four terms, with each term lasting to 9 to 11 weeks. Students then have two weeks of vacation between each term. The typical school day is from 9 a. m. to 3:30 p. m. Students are required to attend school for twelve years. Brazil that is also found in the southern hemisphere is running school from 7 a. m. to noon. Because China is in the northern hemisphere, its summer months are in line with Europe, and North America. The school year in China typically runs from the beginning of September to mid-July. Summer vacation is generally spent in summer classes or studying for entrance exams. Costa Rica was one of the first nations in Central and South America to offer free public education. The School year in Costa Rica runs from February to December. Education is increasingly accepted as an integral part of humanitarian response in emergencies. It can help restore normalcy, safeguard the most vulnerable, provide psychosocial care, promote tolerance, unify divided communities and begin the process of reconstruction and peace building. Research also suggests education can entrench intolerance, create or perpetuate inequality and intensify social tensions that can lead to civil conflict and violence. Education is a key determinant of income, influence and power. Inequalities in educational access can lead to other inequalities – in income, employment, nutrition and health as well as political position, which can be an important source of conflict. Education plays a vital role in humanitarian and nation building that’s why educational institutions and experts devoted themselves in researching new strategies in Education that is beneficial to student’s learning process. Moving of classes from June to September is one of the researches that the experts conducts to know if the said proposal will not only make the opening of classes smoothly but also aid the student’s educational learning process. Local Literature Former Education Secretary Mona Valisno said that government should test run the long proposed opening of classes in September instead of June, saying the early months of the rainy season have proven to be more dangerous for students. According to former Secretary Mona Valisno, there should be a test run of the proposed moving of classes to know the adverse effects of this proposal. She further states that opening of classes on the early months of the rainy season is proven to be more dangerous for students. However, Party-list Rep. Antonio Tinio said that typhoons and floods only affect some parts of the country so there is no need to adjust the school year and involve all schools and students nationwide. According to Rep. Antonio Tinio, some parts of the country are only affected by the typhoons and there is no need to involve the whole nation in moving of classes from June to September. Further study should be done to know the different climate patterns in the Philippines. Today, Senator Franklin Drilon renewed his call for moving the opening of classes from June to September to prevent class disruptions due to rainy season. In a statement, Drilon also urged his colleagues in the Senate to study Senate Bill No. 2407 that he filed last 2010 which proposes the changing of the country’s school calendar. According to him, the new school year has just begun, yet we already experienced a cancellation of classes due to bad weather condition, which, based on the past experiences, takes effect starting June-also the month that marks a fresh school year. According to Angelo Gutierrez, in his article, Cavite Representative Lani Mercado-Revilla has revived calls to move country’s school calendar to avoid the rainy season. Mercado-Revilla filed House Bill 4895, which proposes to move the opening of classes from June to September. She also said that the Philippines and Brunei are the only countries in the Asia-Pacific region that open their regular classes in June. She also cited that Malaysia and Singapore open their classes in January, China in February, South Korea in March, Japan and India in April, Thailand in May, Indonesia in July and Hong Kong in September. During the rainy season, classes are usually suspended as storm pass by the country. Several schools, particularly in areas prone to storms, have to extend the suspension of classes because their classrooms have to be utilized as temporary shelters for residents displaced by storms. She also claimed that the changing of the school calendar to September will also help lessen the dangers posed to the health of the students, teachers, and their guardians like respiratory diseases, dengue fever and leptospirosis, and ensure their safety which can be endangered by various street repairs which result in excavations and open drains. Foreign Studies According to the research study conducted by Giorgio Di Pietro, most UK universities were running the undergraduate study program in accordance with a two-semester mode. A survey on credit practice carried out by Johnston and Walsh. Survey shows that percentage of institutions reporting to adopt a two-semester delivery system was 56%. This system was perceived to provide several advantages mainly because of its flexibility. The greatest advantage of the two-semester academic calendar is that it has the potential to increase enrollment given that universities have the possibility to recruit students twice a year, i. e. at the beginning of each semester. Although the start-date flexibility imposes additional costs because of a higher organizational burden, it may play an important role in attracting international students, mature students and those from poor backgrounds who may have missed the chance of enrolling over the summer because they were not clear what to do. In his study, it is stated that changes in academic calendar may not totally affect the school performance of the students. Some of the sectors in our society claimed that moving of opening of classes from June to September is not really a solution. According to Nick Grinstead, school calendar reform disappeared as a solution to Public Education system reform from the 1970s until the early 1980s. During this period, the idea developed that an alternative school calendar could be used to solve school or district logistical issues arising from overcrowding and unsustainable enrollment. Consequently, rather than alternative school calendars being implemented in schools for mainly logistical reasons and geographically being implemented in the western United States as they were throughout the 1970s and through most of the 1980s, alternative school calendars since 1983, and especially since 1994, have been implemented throughout the United Stated and have been implemented with the philosophical intention of improving academic outcomes. Furthermore, studies of the effectiveness. The 1970s’ results are hard to place in today’s post-Nation at Risk context. Further, a significant number of studies were done within a year of implementation of an alternative calendar. Related to this, these studies, obviously, have an ideological bent as they were commissioned by schools and school districts with an express outcome desired by those doing the commissioning of the studies. When the school calendar reformers use the term â€Å"Traditional Calendar,† they can be specifically referring to the school calendar that America uses currently or, more broadly, a school calendar that has federally standardized elements to it. Used specifically (the former), the Traditional Calendar refers to the 170 – 180 day, nine-month calendar that typically runs from September to June and is divided into two time periods (from September to January and from mid-January to June) with a two-week â€Å"holiday† break around Christmas and Hanukkah, a one-week â€Å"Spring Break† around the end of March or in April, and a twelve-plus week break in the summer. However, the â€Å"Traditional Calendar† has not always been a tradition. In other hand, the year-round calendar and any school adhering to the possesses many nomenclatural faces: Year-round calendars have been referred to as four quarter plans, continuous all year plans, four vacation plans, alternative calendar plans, mountain calendar plans, personalized calendar plans, community calendars, custom calendars, balanced calendars and the aforementioned modified school calendars. In terms of academic achievement and implementation of an alternative school calendar is supposed to address one specific thing: something the literature calls â€Å"Summer Learning Loss†. According to an oft-cited â€Å"meta-analysis†, or quantitative review, of all then-previous research concerning Summer Learning Loss, Harris Cooper and his colleagues estimated that the typical child loses a bit more than one month’s amount of skill or knowledge in Math, Language Arts, and Reading combined during a typical, â€Å"traditional† summer break. According to the research conducted by Nick Grinsted, He cited the study of Harris Cooper and his colleagues the effects of having classes during summer. They stated that student having classes during summer may experience Summer Learning Loss that causes them to lose a skill or knowledge in specific subjects like Math, Language and Arts and Reading during summer. If the proposed moving of opening of classes from June to September because it will coincide summer days, the students here in the Philippines may also experience Summer Learning Loss. According to the study of Uduak Imo, Ph. D. , and Imo Jackson, Ph. D.b  , climate change is one of the most important environmental issues facing the world today. Its phenomenon has serious deleterious consequences for the earth in the form of significant variations in regional climates, recurrent droughts, excessive heat waves, windstorms, killer floods, and so on. Additional impacts include threat to health as rising temperature could bring about diseases such as chronic heat rashes, Cerebra-Spinal Meningitis (CSM), stroke, malaria and other related diseases. According also to their study, climate change awareness involves creating knowledge, understanding and values, attitude, skills and abilities among individuals and social groups towards the issues of climate change for attaining a better quality environment. Climate change has impact on the school calendar. Because the climate pattern is changing, the government officials should thoroughly study the moving of classes from June to September especially the climate patterns if it is indeed necessary to change the opening of classes. Local Studies Better education will be provided if DepEd moves the opening of classes to September since there will be less cancellations of classes due to typhoons. This will lengthen the number of school days which will provide more education for the students. Aside from avoiding the strong typhoons that struck during the months of June, moving of opening of classes will benefit students by having long days in school so that the courses and lessons will be mastered by the students and it will be finished ahead of time. There will be also less suspension of classes and unexpected suspension due to bad weather. The advantages of moving the opening of classes from June to September are: better education since there will be less cancellations of classes due to typhoons, there will be no unplanned/unexpected cancellations of classes, students don’t need to walk through floods since it will be vacation when there will be many typhoons, and students have lesser chance in getting diseases like leptospirosis, coughs, colds, fever and etc. Moving of the opening of classes has its advantages that the students will benefit from. These advantages will help students in terms of studying and learning the lessons effectively and productively. Also, this will protect them in having illness and floods. Disadvantages of moving the opening of classes from June to September are: the proposed schedule will hit the hottest months of the year making it uncomfortable for students, students will have a high chance of getting heat stroke and other diseases related to summer due to extremely high temperature, DepEd has to spend more for the ventilation of classrooms in public schools and the proposed schedule will hit long holidays such as holy week which will also disrupt classes. According also to the study, disadvantages will also arise in moving the opening of classes from June to September. One of that is the classes will coincide summer that makes students uncomfortable due to hot weather. Students cannot concentrate on the subject matter because they feel uncomfortable of hot temperature. It also shows that there will be also a disrupt in classes due to

The eNotes Blog Happy Birthday, PBS!

Happy Birthday, PBS! On Sunday, November 3, PBS turned forty-four years old. Wow.  Ã‚   Thats a lot of numbers.   Id have to count with this vintage piece from Sesame Street a bunch of times to count THAT high! PBSs mission, from the beginning, has been to inform and inspire the diversity reflected in the American audience.   Astonishingly, even with the plethora of choices in broadcasting today, 90% of households watch PBS annually. There are many reasons to continue to love and support your local PBS station.   Its news programming has been named the most trustworthy institution among nationally known organizations, for ten consecutive years. How about Masterpiece Theater, which just celebrated its fortieth birthday and is enjoying wild success with its hit show Downton Abbey?   Heres a preview of Season 4, which premieres on December 17, 2013 Or perhaps your taste runs a bit more to the Monster Piece Theatre side? Here we have Grover interpreting the classic Upstairs, Downstairs: One of the best things about PBS has always been its educational programming for children.   Seventy-seven percent of children ages 2-11 watch PBS Kids each year.   Here are some other interesting facts about that programming: So send your local station a birthday card and while youre at it, become a member.   Members are still the largest source of support and they need you to keep quality, commercial free programming available, for your kids, and for you.

Advantages Of The Plasma Antenna Information Technology Essay

Advantages Of The Plasma Antenna Information Technology Essay An antenna is a device that sends or accepts electromagnetic waves. It changes electromagnetic waves into electric currents, and electric currents to electromagnetic waves. Antennas are used to send and receive waves from the radio frequency of the electromagnetic spectrum. Antennas are used in radio and television broadcasting, spacecraft communication, point-to-point radio communication like walkie-talkie system, hand phones, radar, and wireless LAN. An antenna is a setup of one or more electrical conductors, also called elements. In the transmission of an antenna, a voltage is applied at the antenna terminals to produce an alternating current (A.C) in the elements, thus causing the elements to produce an electromagnetic field as an effect. In reception, the reverse happens: an electromagnetic wave from an external source induces an alternating current in the elements and a matching voltage at the antenna’s terminals. Some receiving antennas use shaped reflective surfaces t o collect the radio waves hitting them and direct or focus them onto the elements. Heinrich Hertz (1857-1894) built some of the first primitive antennas in 1888 in his experiments to prove that electromagnetic waves exist as inferred by the James Clerk Maxwell’s theory. One of the antennas he built was the dipole antenna, which will be explained in detail in the Supporting Theory section of this report. He published his work and installation design in Annalen der Physik und Chemie (vol. 36, 1889). In 1919, J Hettinger was granted a patent for the concept of a plasma antenna. A plasma antenna is a type of antenna that is currently in development in which plasma is used to replace the metal elements of a normal antenna. A plasma antenna can be used for transmission and reception, just like normal radio antennas. Plasma antennas have only become practical in recent years, where high speed internet connection is an important necessity to all. Currently, Plasma Antennas (a company ) in Winchester of the United Kingdoms have developed a plasma antenna which they named Plasma Silicon Antenna or PSiAN. FINDINGS 2.1 – SUPPORTING THEORY 2.1.1à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ ANTENNA Here is an explanation of how a traditional antenna works. There are many types of antennas that have been designed by humans over the years but for simplicity’s sake, the explanation here will describe how a dipole antenna works. A dipole antenna is an antenna that can be built using a simple wire with a driven element in the centre. It consists of two metal conductors of rod or wire, arranged parallel and in line with each other, with a small space between them. The radio frequency voltage is applied to the driven element at the center, between the two conductors. These antennas are the most primitive practical antennas. They are used mostly in traditional â€Å"rabbit ears† television antennas. 450_wide.jpg How the antenna transmits signals: First, a voltage is applied to the ant enna terminal (in this case, the driven element in the centre) to produce a potential difference in between the opposite ends of the two conducting wires. When a potential difference exists, there will be a flow of electrons, which in turn produces a current. Say that the electrons from end A are moving towards end B at maximum speed. When they reach end B, they will stop instantaneously. End B is now negatively charged whereas end A is positively charged. The electrons are attracted to the positive charges at end A and move back towards A at maximum speed. Now, the charges at both ends are reversed. This back and forth movement of the electrons produces an alternating current in the conducting wires. When there is an alternating current in the metal conductors, electromagnetic waves are produced. These waves are the signals being transmitted by the antenna.

Short story analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Short story analysis - Essay Example The Black Cat, after its diabolical murder, is resurrected and is hungry for vengeance and destroys the narrator psychologically. Stunning insanity Cat symbolizes misfortune as per Western traditions. Black cat in the story of Edgar Poe is the cause of double misfortune, when it lives and on its death. Cat’s mysterious gaze has the guile and is the pointer to uncertainties and in Celtic lore they are considered evil and sacrificial animals. They have the ability to see at night (darkness) which represents negativities and thus they are part of the underworld. Symbolically the veil of night shifts one’s perception of reality. The story highlights the effect of stunning insanity. The narrator tells how sanity turns to madness, the reason being obsession with the black cat. Evil has seized him; cruelty to animals becomes his way of life and finally drives him to take the life of his wife and the subsequent sin of trying to conceal her death. That he is alcoholic makes the characterization even more diabolic. Pluto, God of the underworld. Symbolically, the Black Cat is Pluto, the Roman God of the underworld. Pluto controls the hell and symbolizes the devil. ... The narrator’s action in gorging out the eye of his pet animal, the black cat, is mind-boggling. It amounts to torture of the ultimate level. To conceal his guilt, the narrator commits another senseless act. He hangs the cat in the backyard but the evil strikes back. The cat resurrects and itches for revenge, the narrator’s house is on fire and burns to the ground and he observes the image of a large black cat originating through the fire on the only wall that was still intact. He can still see the rope tied to its neck. After the fire, the narrator sees a black cat resembling Pluto, in a bar and takes it home. He observes next morning that the second cat is without one eye, which reminds him of his dark deeds. Conclusion The narrator does not lead the readers on a wild goose chase and is sane enough to understand the reactions of the readers for his insane acts. The details given in the story are not by a dreamer, but the one who knows the consequences of his ill-bodin g quests. He does not expect sympathy or rejection by the readers and his intentions about story-telling are deliberate. His psyche drives him to the point of insanity and at that stage he just cannot help acting diabolically. He expects them to think about the unthinkable and believe the unbelievable and respect the

Food Analysis Technique Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Food Analysis Technique - Assignment Example According to the paper microarray technique is a technique that allows expansion of the DNA significantly in terms of number of DNA that can be analyzed simultaneously. It is used in food analysis by enabling microbial analysis of pathogens in food substances in a single array assay. It is relevant because it detects infectious microbial pathogens in food so that they can be eliminated and ensure the food product is safe. Histology is another analytical technique useful in food analysis. The paper approves that this technique is uses a microscope to observe the morphology of a tissue. Environmental toxins and veterinary drugs have an effect on the morphology of a tissue and this can be observed under the microscope. Spectroscopic techniques is one of the food analysis techniques used are shown in the paper. This techniques include mass spectrometry, infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance and atomic spectroscopy. Hyphenated techniques is another analytical technique for food analysis. (Malik, Blasco and Picà ³, 2010) state that this technique combines at least two analytical techniques for instance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem spectrometry or mass spectrometry. There are a wide variety of application of this technique in food analysis. The paper shows molecular species which contain a unique set of energy levels depending on its molecular and atomic structure. Electromagnetic waves are particles of energy moving through space and these waves consist of oscillating electric and magnetic fields.

How Does John Steinbeck Present the Character of Crooks Essay Example for Free

How Does John Steinbeck Present the Character of Crooks Essay Crooks (named for his crooked back) is the stable buck who works with the ranch horses. He lives in the harness room by himself because of the segregation law set by Jim Crow; he is also the only black man on the ranch. Crooks likes to read books this shows he is cleverer than the other men on the ranch and likes to keep his room neat, but he has been so beaten down by loneliness and prejudicial treatment of that he is also starting to treat people with hatred. His Physical disability is one of the many ways that he suffers on the ranch. John Steinbeck tries to make the novel realistic by showing how black people were treated and isolated in 1930s America. Crooks may not be the main character in the novel, he is important because he fitted in the society at the time of the novel in 1930s America. Steinbeck uses Crooks to show how life was for black people in 1930s America. The Character is firstly introduced when candy was showing George and Lennie around and when he was talking about how angry the boss was when George and Lennie were late to work. Candy tells them that the boss takes his anger on crooks,† Ya see the stable bucks a nigger†, â€Å"the boss gives him hell when he is mad†. White People in 1930s America had no discomfort in using derogatory language, this was normal for people it was the local language in 1930s. Candy says â€Å"nice fella too† and â€Å"he reads a lot† Proving he is intelligen t and nice guy. People show hatred towards him because of the colour of his skin. He and many coloured people were separated from the whites in 1930, because of the Jim Crow laws. George asks Candy ‘‘what kind of man is the boss’’ he quickly brings up that the boss had brought whisky for them at Christmas, he also explains what happened when they let crooks in, Crooks got into a fight one Christmas with a white man. Steinbeck presents the character of Crooks in a detailed description; John Steinbeck tells us that Crooks’ room is in the harness where all the horses sleep, this shows that he is segregated from all the other men on the ranch.

Story of Atlantis :: Research Essays Papers

Story of Atlantis Plato was the first to mention the city of Atlantis around 300 BC. He was a Greek philosopher who had studied under Socrates in Greece. Plato gave detailed stories in the books Timeus and Critias about a land that was on the fringes of what we know as the Mediterranean Sea that occurred around 9,000 years from when it was written. Atlantis was said to be bigger than Libya and Asia combined. Critias was a book based on how Atlantis came to be and stories about Atlantis. Timeus was a book of teachings in which Plato wrote about morality. Plato did not see Atlantis himself but he heard it from the Greek king Solon who had heard it from an Egyptian priest. Plato’s Critias story described the Greek gods dividing up the earth for land. Poseidon chose an island on which to build his empire. Poseidon had five sets of twins with his wife Helios; a female mortal. The Island was divided up amongst the sons by the eldest. Atlas was the eldest son and was given control of the city in the m iddle of the Island. Atlantis had cities with brilliant architecture and bountiful plains all on one island. The plains supported rare animals such as elephants, and that the land was rich with minerals and metals including gold, silver and copper. The inner area of Atlantis was main city then a moat around the first city and then a circular piece of concrete/land and then water again. This pattern was said to continue a six or seven more times until solid land and plains were throughout the rest of the Island populated with cities and canals. Atlantis was seamed with gold, copper and Iron. It is also described in Plato’s books that with this wealth that the Atlantean’s built a magnificent fighting force of 10,000 chariots, 24,000 ships, 60,000 officers, 120,000 hoplites (elite warriors) and 600,000 archers. The area was also dominated by many mountains. Atlantis also is the set of many stories and myths from Plato’s teachings but scientists today say that Atlantis also could have been created by Plato to illustrate a variety of teachings. This would explain the story of Atlantis being destroyed; being a demonstration that any advanced civilization tries to conquer Greece would be destroyed. Plato gave related to greed and morality using Atlantis as a reference.

Left in the Lurch Essay

Jim could give Sara a quick call before the presentation just to be sure it wasn’t her he saw at the gas station. Jim could go on with the presentation without Sara and hope that the sides he never received from her will not make a huge impact and do a great job presenting what he has. Jim could also call Sara before the presentation and ask if she can email him her PowerPoint slides. Jim doesn’t actually know whether or not Sara is in fact sick or not, nor does he know if that was her at the gas station, but he needs to know her well-being so that he can get her part of the presentation they are supposed to present to the CEO today. Jim can be persistent in taking control of the situation his partner put him in by not sending him the needed slides or show up to help present. Jim can show interest and enjoy presenting on his own. He can show his confidence in how successful of an outcome his presentation on his own. Jim should go on with his presentation with or without the slides Sara never sent and show how confident he is in the work he has done.

Happy Family Essay

Before we talk about the requirements that make a happy family, let’s try to define what a happy family is. What makes for family happy? Is it something material like a big house or a nice car? Is it financial stability? Is it a good paying job, vacations, a cabin by the lake? I know that at least for me, a nice job, a big house, and a nice car I could drive to my cabin by the lake would definitely make my family at least a couple of notches happier. But are those the things that really make a family happy. I think about the really happy moments in my family’s history and they all come back through flashes of smiles, hugs and laughter. I may not remember what car we had then, when I was a young little woman, but I clearly remember the times my father took me fossil hunting and how happy those times were for me having special time together. So I believe there is something more profound, something deeper, something that lasts long after the shine of the new car is gone. I do not know, and I do not think it really matters which one is more important than the other, but my belief is that the main ingredients for a happy family life are: Love, honesty, and caring. I believe that every good thing comes from some combination of those three. Love is the main ingredient, the feeling that keeps the family together in spite of anything. Love lets us forgive easier and understand each other better. It makes us care for one another, worry about one another, want to do nice things for one another. Love is the one thing that keeps the family together. Love brings about empathy, compassion for the loved one, it makes his pain our pain, his sadness our sadness and the wanting of doing everything we can do to stop his and our pain. Honesty would have to be another one of these requirements for a happy family. Being honest with our partner releases us from having to keep things secret and from the constant effort of not being ourselves. Honesty brings people together because we get to know them they way they really are, we get to know their fears and their happiness. And they also get to know about us. Children learn by watching their parents.They will learn to be host by watching thei parents being honest. Our children will then feel closer to us knowing they can be honest to us as their parents. Knowing what is really in the hearts of our family gives us and understanding of one another. And this understanding brings with it, a tolerance to everybody’s quirks and peculiarities. Finally, honesty is about truth, and teaching our kids to be honest and true makes them want to teach their children and that’s a good thing to be able to say we were responsible for. And then there is caring. So much is connected to caring. We care for the things we love, and we love the things we take care of. Theres nothing like taking the new car for that first wash; looking at how the light comes through the windows, how shiny the tires look, and how much better it drives when its clean. Just the act of caring for something brings about love. By really caring about our partner’s or children’s dreams and goals, we show them we love them. Those are the three most important thing, I think, a happy family should have; love caring and honesty. We can teach our children by being honest, caring and loving with them. If we can teach our children to teach theirs about these three things, then is not too hard to see how this could really go on for ever.This makes me hopefull of a better place in the future.

Free Essays on Marriage

â€Å"What does a Healthy Marital Relationship consist of?† Marriage and the Family Introduction Does anyone know what it means to have a healthy marital relationship? Does anyone know of anyone that has a good healthy marital relationship? This isn’t the question I should be asking, I know. The answer I would probably get would be â€Å"I know a person who knows a person who has a healthy marital relationship.† But more often than not we can think of more people that have bad relationships, because they are greater in numbers than the few good that have good relationships. I will be discussing: (1) what does a healthy martial relationship consist of, (2) what causes unhealthy relationships, (3) How to improve existing not so good relationships, so that they too can become healthy, (4) where people turn for help if they should need it, (5) how does the future look for couples and will they have healthy relationships? What does a Healthy Marital Relationship consist of? A healthy marital relationship consists of 15 basic traits. It’s important to remember that not all relationships have to have all of these traits to be healthy. If your relationship is missing a few traits, it doesn’t mean you have an unhealthy relationship. First, it’s important that partners are able to manage conflicts and differences without threats or losing hope in the matter. It’s also important for the partners to protect and nourish the relationship and to make it a priority. The couple should also be responsible for themselves as individuals, but at the same time they should not ignore the relationship. The couple should feel as individuals, arguments should never lead to abuse or threatened separation. Both individuals should be able to talk about each others wants, needs, feelings, and emotional issues with out feeling embarrassed about what the other person may think. There has to be unconditional love. If not unconditional l... Free Essays on Marriage Free Essays on Marriage Our society is very complex because there are different degrees of organization in it. One unit of organization is family. Families’ cornerstone is marriage. Marriage is one of the most beautiful and challenging relationships among humans. Over fifty percent of married couples get divorced. However mutual understanding, respect for each other, and a healthy social life can make marriage a lasting and happy experience. Mutual understanding is a key element for a successful marriage. Mutual understanding does not mean to agree on everything but to accept and recognize each other’s needs. For example, John needs more personal space then Wendoly does; however Wendoly agrees in spending time separately at least twice a week. In order for this agreement to work, John and Wendoly had to come to an agreement that satisfied both of them. When each partner gives a little in one direction or another, it helps to create harmony and mutual understanding that both parties are satisfied with. Though Wendolyn does not require as much personal space as John, it is apparent that she recognizes John’s need; this is important to the overall agreement. In a separate instance, John does not like to do house chores, but he recognizes how important it is to Wendoly to have a clean home. In an effort to come to a mutual understanding, he agrees to perform house chores at least once a week. Again, this is possible because John is able to recognize how important having a clean house is to Wendoly. Whether a couple is married or not every couple fights. Fighting or arguing is something that happens in all relationships, when people are living together it becomes extremely important that when they argue, they do it respectfully. Mutual respect for each other is what makes the deference. Respecting each other means that we should not use swear words or yell at one another. It might be difficult not to do these things if you are really u... Free Essays on Marriage Marriage Is It the Right Choice? In today’s society, marriage is a fundamental choice that people make in order to provide a secure and stable environment for their families. Marriage offers a more spiritual and healthier lifestyle, compared to the lifestyles of those who are unmarried. Marriage provides a more secure and stable environment for your children to grow up. There are many positive things in life to look forward to when a family is united, such as, birthdays, family reunions, sending the kids off to college, holidays, and the welcoming of a new baby. For instance, when comparing the lifestyles of men, women, and children of married families to that of the non-married, recent surveys and studies have shown that married men earn between 10 and 40 percent more than single men, with similar education and job history. Marriage also increases the likelihood that fathers will have better relationships with their children. Divorce and unmarried childbearing significantly increases poverty rates of both mothers and children. Between one-fifth and one-third of divorcing women, end up in poverty because of divorce. Married women also appear to have a lower risk of domestic violence than cohabiting or dating women. Even after controlling race, age, and education, people who cohabit are still three times more likely to report violent arguments. Since the beginning of our time, through religion, we have been taught that cohabiting was immoral, and that finding our soul mates and becoming married were our destiny. If we would like to be morally right for our faith and well-being, marriage is the beginning our lifelong journey. My argument is not to say that you are more likely to be immoral, if you are not married. However, you are definitely subjected to situations that are a lot more immoral and circumstantial. To conclude my argum... Free Essays on Marriage â€Å"What does a Healthy Marital Relationship consist of?† Marriage and the Family Introduction Does anyone know what it means to have a healthy marital relationship? Does anyone know of anyone that has a good healthy marital relationship? This isn’t the question I should be asking, I know. The answer I would probably get would be â€Å"I know a person who knows a person who has a healthy marital relationship.† But more often than not we can think of more people that have bad relationships, because they are greater in numbers than the few good that have good relationships. I will be discussing: (1) what does a healthy martial relationship consist of, (2) what causes unhealthy relationships, (3) How to improve existing not so good relationships, so that they too can become healthy, (4) where people turn for help if they should need it, (5) how does the future look for couples and will they have healthy relationships? What does a Healthy Marital Relationship consist of? A healthy marital relationship consists of 15 basic traits. It’s important to remember that not all relationships have to have all of these traits to be healthy. If your relationship is missing a few traits, it doesn’t mean you have an unhealthy relationship. First, it’s important that partners are able to manage conflicts and differences without threats or losing hope in the matter. It’s also important for the partners to protect and nourish the relationship and to make it a priority. The couple should also be responsible for themselves as individuals, but at the same time they should not ignore the relationship. The couple should feel as individuals, arguments should never lead to abuse or threatened separation. Both individuals should be able to talk about each others wants, needs, feelings, and emotional issues with out feeling embarrassed about what the other person may think. There has to be unconditional love. If not unconditional l... Free Essays on Marriage They say â€Å"Your life will never be the same once you walk down the isle and say your I Do’s†. I think that they are right. However, I find it interesting that when some people make this statement they are trying to tell you how wonderful life is about to become and on the other hand, there are people who mutter these exact same words and it seems like it is some kind of code for â€Å"run for your life†. I’ve only been married for a short time, but I’ve been in a marriage-like relationship for nearly seven years. In these years, I’ve notices a lot of really good things about being in such a committed relationship. You develop a sense of security somewhere along the way, unlike any you’ve ever had. Like there is someone there that you can count on for any and everything. It’s not only an emotional security, but a physical and financial one as well. You now have that financial back-up just incase you fall on hard times. Not to mention, if you need to work less so you can find yourself or go back to college, you can do that and still make the rent. I’ve come to realize that my husband really is my best friend. I can share all my thoughts and feelings with him, no matter what they are, even if they are about him. I feel like it is thee most honest relationship two people could have and I’ve never felt so comfortable with another person or even myself for that matter. It’s just nice to know that you don’t have to be alone. There are a lot of other perks to being married; Holidays seem to have a new special meaning, it’s like having a â€Å"perma-date† (you never have worry about finding a date), you get a larger income tax refund, more financial aid for school if you choose to go, a better health insurance plan, and best of all, some really nice rings. Of course, like all other things, there are disadvantages to the married life. When you get married, you money in no longer your money, it’s â€Å"our money† a.... Free Essays on Marriage I’m sure you agree that marriage is a commitment. It is a very important decision that a couple has to stick with for the rest of their lives, through good times and bad. It is a sacred promise that would not be fulfilled until death, hence the line â€Å"Till death do us part†. Marriage offers a life of love and happiness but it also will hand you a share of conflicts, hard work and worries. That is why there are three important points you need to remember and have when you decide to enter marriage. These are 1) Human Maturity, 2) Value Clarification, and 3) Authentic Love. You need human maturity before entering marriage. Human Maturity refers to a person’s self-esteem. You have achieved human maturity when you are able to stand alone on your own two feet and have a sense of self. Knowing who you are and being confident in your own skin enables you to devote and offer your entire self to your partner without having any doubts. It also lets you and your partner get to know each other completely and when you know each other that much, you are able to truly trust each other. Lack of human maturity often leads to insecurities, jealousy and lost of trust. Now, you wouldn’t want that in your marriage, would you? The second requirement is value clarification. This means that one has to have a set of priorities and principles. You must know what you want and where you stand and you must be able to share these with your partner so that you two would be able to work on how you would put these priorities and principles into practice. Value clarification gives your marriage a direction. Some think that having a partner with the same set of values as theirs is important. It is good to have a partner having similar values as you but it isn’t necessarily important because if you love each other enough, you two would be able to compromise and work things out on what is best for each other. The last of the three points is authentic ... Free Essays on Marriage Even though the marriages on TV are very different from marriages in real life, there are some similarities that are present, and these similarities are what tie the "non-realistic" to the "realistic," and make these kinds of shows popular and appealing. Marriage in this type of show specifically, is almost portrayed as a joke. It seems that most every character in the sitcom has been with one another more than just once, and having a marriage that lasts is rarely seen. Once a couple does decide to get married the drama begins, and does not stop until the wedding; you have bitter ex’s trying to get their old flings back, parents who do not agree with the marriage, brothers and sisters fighting over the soon to be spouse, the couple themselves fighting due to the old flings that appear, and most dramatic, the ones who come forward about the cheating or dishonesty on the day of the wedding. Beyond the obvious soap opera clichà ©, if a marriage does continue on, it is an extremely sweet one, the characters seem to be in love, and the show makes a connection to the people who watch it. Most every person longs for love, and if they have not found it yet, there is a sense of completion, in their eyes once they see the commitment made. It seems that the couple’s love for one another will go on forever, but the truth of the matter, is that it is a TV show and the audience wants to see drama. Since I would assume, most people have not slept with just about everyone in town, or have not married their ex’s father or mother, or their ex’s brother or sister, and the ways of deception just go on and on, especially in the TV world. When the audience sees this, they see the couple not lasting for more than a month, they see them trying to hurt each other, and in the end, they break off their â€Å"perfect match.† In doing so, this fulfills the audience’s need for deception, betrayal, and deceit but, still gives them a since of stabili...

Reaserch Proposal, outline and theoretical framework Thesis

Reaserch Proposal, outline and theoretical framework - Thesis Example With a Rs. 200 billion investment, the industry now gives a total production of 39 million tons against only 17 million tons in 2002. The cement manufacturers added 8 million tonnes to the capacity and the total production are expected to be 45 million tonnes by the end of 2010. Cement Industry entered in the export market in a big way in fiscal 2007-08. The domestic consumption too has doubled over the last few years because of buoyancy in housing sector. The biggest advantage of domestic cement industry is the availability in abundance of limestone, which is its primary raw material. Local coal may be able to replace imported coal and there is going to rise in demand, both at home and in export market. However, rising trend is expected to be short-lived due to higher interest rates and inflationary concerns are likely to make it disadvantageous for the investors to enter the construction industry. The cement industry also has challenges to face like rising fuel costs (furnace oil, coal) and political instability as a main contributing factor for pushing up production cost. Cost of utilities, labour, transportation and financial charges have also increased simultaneously. Moreover recent recession in the Financing Sector and financial crises has badly affected the projects financed by Financial Institutions and especially stretch the construction activities. This thesis intends to examine these issues and see how they will impact on the company Lucky Cement Limited. How far will Lucky Cement be able to overcome the challenges facing it as a result of the changing economic situation? Will the global economic slowdown, combined with high interest rates, inflationary concerns and political instability pose a series problem for the company? The problems facing Lucky Cement Limited are closely related to the changing economy and this thesis will attempt a financial analysis of the company in

Sexuality Education for people who living with a disability Assignment

Sexuality Education for people who living with a disability - Assignment Example This type of treatment makes it important for us to play our role in spreading such sexuality education that promotes respect for these individuals as well as mental and spiritual support for them. â€Å"Having an adult identity† and â€Å"autonomy† (Herbert, 2011, p.133) are two major rights that these individuals must be granted. In my practice, I would specially encourage the disabled individuals to enhance their expression of self-identity through not being embarrassed of their sexual orientation or sexual desires. The motivation to express self-identity and self-acceptance is the major thing that is required to give these individuals confidence. For example, I would advocate couples to compromise with the disability of a spouse and accept each other’s sexual orientation and sexual fantasies by overlooking the physical disability. Second, I would like to give awareness to females that they are the more precious gender of the two, and physical disability should not make them feel deprived of their sexual desires and related